Knee Replacement
Total Knee Replacement (also called total knee arthroplasty)
Resurfacing the worn knee joint with metal and plastic components.
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What it is
In a total knee replacement the worn surfaces of the knee are resurfaced rather than the whole joint removed. The damaged ends of the thigh bone (femur) and shin bone (tibia) are capped with metal components, and a plastic spacer between them gives a smooth, low-friction surface. The back of the kneecap may also be resurfaced. It is used for advanced knee arthritis.
Common symptoms
- Knee pain with walking, stairs, and standing that limits daily life
- Stiffness, swelling, and loss of full bend or full straightening
- A bowed or knock-kneed alignment that has progressed
- Pain at rest or at night, no longer helped by therapy, medication, or injections
Non-surgical options
- Weight management, low-impact exercise, and activity modification
- Physical therapy and a cane or brace
- Anti-inflammatory medication when appropriate
- Corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections
The procedure
Done under spinal or general anesthesia, often with a nerve block. Through an incision over the front of the knee, worn bone and cartilage are removed and the metal and plastic components are fitted using current alignment and balancing techniques. Many patients walk the same day; the stay is typically zero to one night.
Recovery timeline
- First 2 weeksWalking with a walker or crutches, bearing weight as allowed. Focus on straightening the knee fully, regaining bend, and controlling swelling with ice and elevation. Blood-clot prevention.
- Weeks 2–6Physical therapy several times a week. Progress to a cane, then to unaided walking. Driving once off opioid medication and in control of the leg.
- Weeks 6–12Motion and strength keep improving. Return to most daily activities and low-impact recreation.
- Months 3–12Swelling and warmth gradually settle and strength continues to build for up to a year. Lasting pain relief is expected; running and jumping sports are discouraged.
The information on this page is provided for general educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Individual cases vary. Always consult a qualified clinician about your condition. In an emergency call 911.